Section A
Q1.
(a)
Explain the following terms with suitable illustrations for an operation involving reaction with recycle :
(i) Overall conversion
(ii) Single-pass conversion
(b)
Define the following terms for combustion reaction :
(i) Theoretical oxygen demand
(ii) Percentage of excess air
(c)
Define degrees of freedom of each of the following equilibrium systems using Gibbs' phase rule :
(i) A vapour-liquid mixture of four hydrocarbons
(ii) NaCl crystals suspended in an aqueous NaCl solution
(d) State Raoult's law and indicate its applications in vapour-liquid equilibrium calculations.
(e) Define half-life time [t_{1/2}] of a reaction and derive the half-life time expression for first-order reaction.
(f) What are the factors that influence the selection of a catalyst for a catalytic reaction?
(g) What is an equation of state? What is the ideal gas equation? At what conditions does the ideal gas equation provide the most accurate estimates?
(h) What are the factors that influence the choice of good refrigerant for a refrigeration unit?