Section A
Q1.
(a) What is the difference in the length, in kilometers, at the Earth's surface, between a degree of latitude at equator and at the pole?
(b) The angle of inclination and declination of a remanent magnetization of basalt are observed as 45\circ and 60\circ, respectively, at present location of 30\circN, 25\circE. Calculate the magnetic latitude of this site at the time of magnetization of basalt. Find out the latitude and longitude of the palaeomagnetic pole.
(c)
Calculate the amount of increase in seismic energy released from the earthquake for the following:
(i) When surface-wave magnitude increases from 5 to 6; 6 to 7 and 7 to 8.
(ii) When body-wave magnitude increases from 5 to 6; 6 to 7 and 7 to 8.
(d) Explain the concept of Tikhonov regularization in context to the inverse problem, and explain what is an L-curve solution.