Section A
Q1.
In the process of producing a fruit product, crushed fruit containing 14% soluble solids is mixed in a mixer with sugar (1.22 kg sugar/kg crushed fruit) and pectin (0.025 kg pectin/kg crushed fruit). The resultant mixture is then evaporated in a kettle to produce the fruit product containing 67 wt% soluble solids. For a feed of 1000 kg crushed fruit, calculate : One kilogram of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from an initial state of 298 K and 1 bar until its volume doubles. Calculate W, Q, \Delta U, and \Delta H for the process. Assume ideal behaviour.
Data for air : R = 83.14 bar cm3 mol-1 K-1, Cp = 29 J mol-1 K-1, Molar mass = 28.851 A first order irreversible reaction A \longrightarrow B; rA = kCA is to be carried out in a plug flow reactor. If k = 0.01 s-1 and volumetric flow rate is 10-3 m3/s, for a 30% conversion determine the reactor volume and residence time. With the help of a P-T diagram, explain the behaviour of pure substances. Natural gas containing 79% CH4, 14% C2H6, 0.5% CO2 and 6.5% N2 is burnt with 30% excess air. 70% of the hydrocarbons in the natural gas are burnt to CO2 and rest to CO. Determine : (i) Total moles of O2 supplied and moles of O2 remaining unused, and (ii) Total moles of CO and CO2 leaving the furnace.
(i) kg mixture from the mixer
(ii) kg of water evaporated
(iii) kg of fruit product produced
